Clinical glossary

5-Lipoxygenase

(5-LOX)

enzyme (arachidonic acid pathway)

Context

5-LOX is one of two major enzymes that process arachidonic acid after it is released from cell membranes under inflammatory stimulus. The other is cyclooxygenase (COX). 5-LOX produces leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4), while COX produces prostaglandins. The two pathways divide the same substrate into functionally different inflammatory profiles.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the main 5-LOX product relevant to joint inflammation, is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. It pulls inflammatory cells into tissue and amplifies the local inflammatory response over time.

Why it matters for joint health

5-LOX modulation is the mechanism behind AKBA-standardized boswellia extract. Unlike NSAIDs, which block COX, AKBA selectively binds 5-LOX, reducing leukotriene synthesis without compromising the gastric mucosa or the prostacyclin/thromboxane balance that drives cardiovascular NSAID concerns. This is why AKBA-standardized boswellia produces a slower onset but a more favorable long-term safety profile than NSAIDs.

Related terms

References

  1. Samuelsson B. Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation. Science. 1983. PMID 6301011
  2. Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Medica. 2006. PMID 17024588